ANCIENT but SIMPLE stylesheet from the TTU History Department, last updated
June 19, 2000, is largely based upon Kate Turabian's version of the
Chicago Manual of Style. For a more recently updated version, see
The Ohio
State University's Chicago Manual of Style Citation Guide. For
some other possible options, see my Help Page.
DEPARTMENT
OF HISTORY
STYLE SHEET FOR UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH PAPERS
Grammar and Form.
History writing requires care. Its contents must be accurate and appropriate,
its form grammatically correct and stylistically effective. Words need to be
spelled correctly, and punctuation used properly. The definite rules for
grammar, spelling, and word usage are quickly learned but easily forgotten. The
grammar or rhetoric book used in freshman English is usually a valuable
reference book and should be kept handy. The Elements of Style(available
in paperback), by William Strunk, Jr., and E. B. White, contains brief but
helpful rules and suggestions. And, of course, a writer's best friend is a
dictionary.
The following, a standard accepted by the
Graduate School, is recommended for help with form and editorial style:
Turabian, Kate L. A Manual for Writers
of Term Papers Theses, and Dissertations. Sixth Edition Revised by John
Grossman and Alice Bennett. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press,
1996.
Quotations.
Direct quotations if they are short should be set off by quotation marks and
included in the text of your paper. Longer quotations (two sentences or four
lines, says one authority; a hundred words, says another) should be indented at
the left margin and single-spaced but not placed in quotation marks.
Footnotes and Bibliography.
Form for footnotes and bibliography differs among the several authorities and
among individual writers, including the instructors in this department. The most
important rule is that, whatever form is used, it must be consistent and the
information given must be complete and perfectly clear. The examples below will
show the basic form. The book cited above will give many more specific examples.
However, every situation cannot possibly be covered; you will sometimes have to
work out details for yourself.
Sample Footnotes
1Perez
Zagorin, A History of Political Thought in the English Revolution
(London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1954), 37.
2Ibid.,
43. [Or Zagorin, History of Political Thought, 43]
3Ibid.
[Or Zagorin, History of Political Thought, 43]
4Godfrey
Davies, The Early Stuarts, 1603-1660, 2nd ed., vol. 9 of The Oxford
History of England, ed. Sir George Clark (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959),
238-40.
5John
Lilburne, Englands New Chains Discovered, in The Leveller Tracts,
1647-1653, ed. William Haller and Godfrey Davies (New York: Columbia
University Press, 1944; reprint, Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1964), 138.
6Zagorin,
The Court and the County: The Beginnings of the English Revolution
(London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1969), 315.
7Davies,
Early Stuarts, 242-43.
8Zagorin,
Political Thought, 38.
9Thomas
Hobbes, Leviathan, ed. C. B. Macpherson (Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1968),
240-41.
l0David
Ogg, England in the Reign of Charles II, 2nd ed., 2 vols. (London: Oxford
University Press, Oxford Paperbacks, 1963), 2:610.
1lWilliam J. Bouwsma, "Lawyers and Early
Modern Culture," American Historical Review 78 (1973): 303.
l2F. W. Maitland, "English Law and the
Renaissance," in Anglo-American Legal Essays (Cambridge: University
Press, l9O1); reprinted in Selected Historical Essays of F. W. Maitland,
ed. Helen M. Cam (Boston: Beacon Press, 1962), 135.
13Francesco
Guicciardini, The History of Florence, trans. and ed. Mario Domandi (New
York: Harper & Row, Harper Torchbooks, 1970), 117.
14Lubbock
Avalanche-Journal, 11 May 1970,
sect.1A, p. 1.
15U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Yearbook of Agriculture. 1941 (Washington,
D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1941), 683.
16Doris
M. Stenton, English Justice Between the Norman Conquest and the Great
Charter, 1066-1215, Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 15
(Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1964): 43.
17Ibn
Khaldun, The Mugaddimah: An Introduction to History, trans. Franz
Rosenthal; ed. and abridged by N. J. Dawood (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton
University Press, Bollingen Paperback, 1967), 53.
18Interview
with John Doe, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 15 April 1974.
Sample Bibliography
Bouwsma, William J. "Lawyers and Early
Modern Culture." American Historical Review 78 (1973): 303-327.
Davies, Godfrey. The Early Stuarts,
1603-1660. 2nd ed. Vol. 9, Oxford History of England. Edited by Sir
George Clark. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959.
Doe, John. Texas Tech University, Lubbock,
Texas. Interview, 15 April 1974.
Guicciardini, Francesco. The History of
Florence. Translated and edited by Mario Domandi. New York: Harper & Row,
Harper Torchbooks, 1970.
Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan. Edited
by C. B. Macpherson. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1968.
Ibn Khaldun. The Mugaddimah: An
Introduction to History. Translated by Franz Rosenthal. Edited and abridged
by H. J. Dawood. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, Princeton/Bollingen
Paperback, 1967.
Lilburne, John. Englands New Chains
Discovered. ln The Leveller Tracts, 1647-1653, 157-170. Edited by
William Haller and Godfrey Davies. New York: Columbia University Press, 1944;
reprint. Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1964.
Lubbock Avalanche-Journal,
11 May 1970.
Maitland, F. W. "English Law and the
Renaissance." In Angl-American Legal Essays, 1:168-203. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1901. Reprinted in Selected Historical Essays of
F. W. Maitland, 135-151. Edited by Helen M. Cam. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.
Ogg, David. England in the Reign of
Charles II. 2 vols. London: Oxford University Press, Oxford Paperbacks,
1963.
Stenton, Doris M. English Justice
Between the Norman Conquest and the Great Charter. 1066-1215. Memoirs of the
American Philosophical Society, vol. 15. Philadelphia: American Philosophical
Society, 1964.
U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Yearbook of Agriculture 1941. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office,
1941.
Zagorin, Perez. The Court and the
County: The Beginnings of the English Revolution. London: Routledge & Kegan
Paul, 1969.
________. A History of Political
Thought in the English Revolution. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1954.
Plagiarism
The following statement is quoted from the
1999-2000 Undergraduate Catalog:
Offering the work of another as one's own,
without proper acknowledgment, is plagiarism; therefore, any student who fails
to give credit for quotations or essentially identical expression of material
taken from books, encyclopedias, magazines, and other reference works, or from
the themes, reports, or other writings of a fellow student, is guilty of
plagiarism (p. 75).
Plagiarism will render "the offenders
liable to serious consequences, possibly suspension."