LIST 5: THE CHURCH AND WARFARE IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES

Primary Sources

On just war and Christian soldiers:  Decretum Gratinani, Causa XXIII. (for example q. I., c. 5 [Militare non est peccatum]. In  Corpus iuris canonici I. Decretum magistri Gratiani, ed. Aemilius Friedberg, Leipzig 1879, p. 895;  Precepta patienciae non tam ostentatione corporis quam preparatione cordis sunt retinenda, Augustinus Hipponensis, ibidem, s. 890.   Also Thomas Aquinas on just war: Summa theologiae II. 2., quaestio XL. (De bello), articulus I., in: Sancti Thomae Aquinatis Opera omnia VIII., Rome 1895, pp. 312f. Tres conditiones iusti belli).

Secondary Sources.

Read:  1) Bachrach, David S.  “The Ecclesia Anglicana Goes to War:  Prayers, Propaganda, and Conquest during the Reign of Edward I of England, 1272-1307.”  Albion 36 (2004): 393-406; 2) Bachrach, David S.  “The Friars Go to War:  Mendicant Military Chaplains, 1216-c.1300.”  The Catholic Historical Review 90 (2004): 617-33; and 3) Bachrach, David S. “The Organization of Military Religion in the Armies of King Edward I of England (1272-1307),” Journal of Medieval History 29 (2003): 265-86.

Bachrach, David S.  Religion and the Conduct of War c.300-c.1215. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell, 2003.

Barthélemy, Dominique.  Chevaliers et miracles:  la violence et le sacré dans la société féodale. Paris: Colin, 2004.

Barthélemy, Dominique.  L’An mil et la paix de Dieu:  La France chrétienne et fëodale, 980-1060. Paris: Fayard, 1999.

Barthélemy, Dominique.  “La paix de Dieu dans son contexte (989-1014).”  Cahiers de civilisation médiévale 40 (1997): 3-35.

Read Bernard of Clairvaux.  Treatises III.  [Read “In Praise of the New Knighthood.”] Kalamazoo:  Cistercian Publications, 1977; and Mathew Bennett.  “La Règle du Temple as a Military Manual, or How to Deliver a Cavalry Charge.”  Studies in Medieval History Presented to R. Allen Brown.  Edited by Christopher Harper-Bill et al.  Woodbridge, Suffolk:  Boydell, 1989.  Pp. 7-19 [formerly online at http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/articles/bennett1.htm ].

Bonner, Michael.  Aristocratic Violence and Holy War:  Studies in the Jihad and the Arab-Byzantine Frontier.  American Oriental Series 81.  New Haven CT:  American Oriental Society, 1996.

Read: 1) James A. Brundage,  “Crusaders and Jurists: The Legal Consequences of Crusader Status,” in Actes du Colloque Universitaire International de Clermont-Ferrand (23-25 juin 1995), ed. André Vauchez, Publications de l'École française de Rome 236  (Rome : École Française de Rome, 1997), 141-64; and  2) James A. Brundage, “The Hierarchy of Violence in Twelfth- and Thirteenth-century Canonists,” The International History Review 17 (1995): 670-692.

Read::  1) Cowdrey, H.E.J.  “Pope Gregory VII and the Bearing of Arms.” In Montjoie:  Studies in Crusade History in Honour of Hans Eberhard Mayer.  Edited by Benjamin Z. Kedar, Jonathan Riley-Smith, and Rudolf Hiestand.   Aldershot, Hampshire: Variorum, 1997; 2) Brundage, James A.  “The Hierarchy of Violence in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Century Canonists.”  International History Review 17 (1995): 670-92.

Bull, Marcus, and Norman Housley, eds.  The Experience of Crusading. Vol. I: Western Approaches [Festschrift for Jonathan Riley Smith]. Cambridge:  Cambridge University Press, 2003. Read "Part II: The Catholic Church and the Crusade," pp. 125-222.

Bull, Marcus.  Knightly Piety and the Lay Response to the First Crusade:  The Limousin and Gascony, c. 970-c.1130.  Oxford:  Clarendon Press, 1993.

Deswartes, Thomas.  “La ‘guerre sainte’ en Occident:  expression et signification.” In Famille, violence et christianisation au Moyen Âge: Mélanges offertes à Michel Rouche.  Edited by Martin Aurell and Thomas Deswartes.  Paris:  Presses de l’Uinversité de Paris Sorbonne, 2004.

Duggan, Lawrence G. Armsbearing and the Clergy in the History and Canon Law of Western Christianity. Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer, 2013.

Erdmann, Carl.  The Origin of the Idea of Crusade.  Edited and translated by Marshall W. Baldwin and Walter Goffart.  Princeton:  Princeton University Press, 1977.

Flori, Jean.  “Chevalerie et liturgie.  Remise des armes et vocabulaire ‘chevaleresque’ dans les sources liturgiques du IX^e  au XIV^e siècle.”  Le moyen âge 84 (1978): 247-78 and 409-42.

Flori, Jean.  “L’origines de l’adoubement chevaleresque:  Étude des remises d’armes et du vocabulaire qui les exprime dans les sources historiographiques latines jusqu’au début du XIIIe siècle.” Traditio,35 (1979): 209-72.

Flori, Jean. “De la paix de Dieu à la croisade?  Un réexamen.”  Crusades 2 (2003): 1-23.

Flori, Jean. Croisade et chevalerie, XI^e -XII^e siècles.  Bibliothèque du moyen âge 12  Brussels: De Boeck Université, 1998 [Collected articles].

Friedman, Yvonne.  Encounter between Enemies:  Captivity and Ransom in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem.   Cultures, Beliefs, and Traditions:  Medieval and Early Modern Peoples 10.  Leiden: Brill, 2002.

Gervers, Michael, ed.  The Second Crusade and the Cistercians.  New York:  St. Martin’s Press, 1992.

Read: 1) Head, Thomas.  “The Development of the Peace of God in Aquitaine.”  Speculum 74 (1999): 656-86: 2) Bowman, J. A.  “Councils, Memory, and Mills:  The Early Development of the Peace of God in Catalonia.” Early Medieval Europe 8 (1999): 99-129.

Head, Thomas, and Richard Landes, eds.  The Peace of God:  Social Violence and Religious Response in France around the Year 1000.  Ithaca:  Cornell University Press, 1992

Hehl, Ernst-Dieter.  Kirche und Krieg im 12. Jahrhundert:  Studien zu kanonischen Recht und politischer Wirklichkeit.  Monographien zur Geschichte des Mittelalters 19.  Stuttgart:  Hiersemann, 1980.

Hoffmann, Hartmut.  Gottefriede und Treuga Dei.  Schriften der Monumenta Germaniae Historica 20.  Stuttgart:  Anton Hiersemann, 1964.

Johnson, James Turner.  The Holy War Idea in Western and Islamic Traditions.  University Park PA:  Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997.

Kaeuper, Richard W. Chivalry and Violence in Medieval Europe.  Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Kaeuper, Richard W. Holy Warrior: The Religious Ideology of Chivalry. Philadelphi: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009.

Keen, Maurice H.  The Laws of War in the Late Middle Ages.  London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1965.

Kotecki, Radoslaw, Jacek Maciejewsski, and John Ott, eds. Between Sword and Prayer: Warfare and Medieval Clergy in Cultural Perspective.  Explorations in Medieval Culture. Leiden: Brill. 2017.

Laiou, Angeliki E. and Roy Parviz Mottahedeh, eds. The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World. Washington, D.C.:  Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2001.  See especially Section 2:  “Crusades and Holy War.”

Leclercq, Jean. “Militare Deo” dans la tradition patristique et monastique.” In Militia Christi a Crociata nei secoli XI-XIII [Atti della undecima internazionale di studio, Mendola, 1989], Miscellanea del Centro di Studi Medioevali 13.  Milan:  Università cattolica del Sacro Curore, 1992.  Pp. 3-20.

Read: 1) Kyle C. Lincoln.  "Beating Swords into Croziers: Warrior Bishops in the Kingdom of Castille, c. 1158-1214." Journal; of Medieval History 44(1) (2018): 83-103; and 2) J. R. Webb. "Representations of the Warrior Bishop in Eleventh-Century Lotharingia," Early Medieval Europe 24 (1916): 103-30.

Read: 1) MacGregor, James B.  “Negotiating Knightly Piety:  The Cult of Warrior Saints in the West, ca. 1070-1200.”  Church History 73 (2004): 317-45; 2) MacGregor, James B.  “The Ministry of Gerald d’Avranches:  Warrior Saints and Knightly Piety on the Eve of the First Crusade.”  Journal of Medieval History 29 (2003): 219-37.

Read: 1) McCormick, Michael. “The Liturgy of War in the Early Middle Ages:  Crisis, Litanies, and the Carolingian Monarchy.” Viator15 (1984): 1-23; 2) McCormick, Michael. "The Liturgy of War from Antiquity to the Crusades." In The Sword of the Lord: Military Chaplains from the First to the Twenty-First Century, ed. Doris L. Bergen. Notre Dame:  Notre Dame Press, 2004.  Pp. 45-57.

McCormick, Michael.  “”Liturgie et guerre des Carolingiens à la première croisade.”  In Militia Christi a Crociata nei secoli XI-XIII [Atti della undecima internazionale di studio, Mendola, 1989], Miscellanea del Centro di Studi Medioevali 13.  Milan:  Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 1992.  Pp. 209-40.

Murphy, Patrick, ed.  The Holy War.  Columbus:  Ohio State University Press, 1976.

Partner, Peter.  God of Battles:  Holy Wars of Christianity and Islam.  Princeton:  Princeton University Press, 1998.

Russell, Frederick H.  The Just War in the Middle Ages.  Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought, ser. 3, 8. Cambridge England:  Cambridge University Press, 1975.

Schein, Silvia. “Fideles Crucis”: The Papacy, the West and the Recovery of the Holy Land, 1274-1314.  Oxford:  Clarendon Press, 1991.

Siberry, Elizabeth.  Criticism of Crusading, 1095-1274.  Oxford:  Clarendon Press, 1985.

Read: 1) Smith,  Katherine Allen. “Saints in Shining Armor:  Martial Asceticism and Masculine Models of Sanctity, ca. 1050-1250,” Speculum 83 (2008):572-602; 2)   France, John. “Holy War and Holy Men:  Erdmann and the Lives of Saints.”  In The Experience of Crusading: Vol. 1:  Western Approaches, ed. Marcus Bull and Norman Housley. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Vol. 1: 193-208. [2 vols, but different sets of editions]

Smith, Katherine Allen. War and the Making of Medieval Monastic Culture. Studies in the History of Medieval Religion 37. Rochester, NY: Boydell, 2011.

 Syse, Henricj, and Gregory M. Reichberg.  Ethics, Nationalism, and Just War:  Medieval and Contemporary Perspectives.  Washington DC:  Catholic University of America, 2007.

Verkamp, Bernard J., Moral Treatment of Returning Warriors in Early Medieval and Modern Times. Scranton: University of Scranton Press, 1995.

White, Monica. Military Saints in Byzantium and Rus, 900-1200. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.